Distorsione al ginocchio
La distorsione al ginocchio è la conseguenza di un trauma o di un movimento brusco e anomalo dell’articolazione del ginocchio che causa quella che in gergo medico viene chiamata ” perdita temporanea dei rapporti articolari”, cioè una situazione in cui i capi articolari che permettono di stendere e di piegare il ginocchio non sono momentaneamente a stretto contatto tra di loro.
Capita frequentemente praticando sport, ad esempio lo sci , nelle partite di pallavolo, nel ping pong, oppure quando si fa un movimento di rotazione del ginocchio mantenendo il piede fermo.
Può accadere anche un trauma violento all’esterno, per esempio un calcio violento dato nel vuoto.
Chi rischia di più
La distorsione al ginocchio può capitare a tutti ma rischia di più chi è in sovrappeso,e chi non è sufficientemente allenato.
Invece nei bambini e nelle persone in età avanzata è più facile la frattura di un osso piuttosto che di un legamento del ginocchio.
Sintomi principali
In seguito alla distorsione il soggetto lamenta undolore acuto,continuo che si acuisce con i movimenti, in seguito si può verificare versamento articolare , cioè la formazione di liquido
nel ginocchio.
Illiquidopuò essere sieroso e in alcuni casi contenere tracce di sangue.
Cosa fare
Mettersi a riposo e applicare un impacco dighiaccio, non direttamente sulla pelle per evitare ustioni, ma avvolto in un asciugamano, oppure usare la borsa del ghiaccio.
Se si ha la necessità urgente di camminare usare le stampelle, fare in modo di non appoggiare la gamba a terra.
Farsi visitare dal medico per valutare bene affinché possa
valutare il danno e prescrivere le indagini da eseguire.
Terapia da seguire
Dipende dalla diagnosi e dalla serietà dalla lesione.
Se è lieve bastano alcunigiorni di riposo, evitando di caricare
il ginocchio con il peso del corpo, camminando con l’ utilizzo
dellestampelle.
Quando è necessario utilizzare untutore, per esempio una ginocchiera per almeno due settimane.
E’ necessari fare degli esercizi di rafforzamento del muscolo per evitare l’indebolimento dell’articolazione.
Se la distorsione ha provocato una lesione seria può essere necessariol’intervento chirurgico.
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