Glaucoma congenito-

Glaucoma congenito

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Il glaucoma congenito si manifesta alla nascita ed è legato ad anomalie della migrazione e differenziazione delle cellule della cresta neurale. E’ legato ad un problema di riassorbimento del mesoderma. Il glaucoma infantile è una patologia rara e può interessare uno o entrambi gli occhi. 

Colpisce un neonato su 10000 nati,  è più frequente nei consanguinei, esiste inoltre una familiarità, Sia ha presenza della membrana mesodermica che copre le strutture dell’angolo e che determinano aumento della IOP ( pressione intraoculare). L ‘occhio del neonato è molto plastico, cioè non ha strutture molto rigide, per cui l’aumento della pressione porta ad un aumento della dimensione dell’occhio e una delle caratteristiche principali di questi neonati è il buftalmo.  Il buftalmo si può accompagnare a tutta una serie di altre condizioni patologiche che sono la:
 
–  sublussazione  o lussazione del cristallino
 
rottura della Descemet (le strie di Haab)
 
– edema corneale 
 
escavazione papillare precoce che trovando nel bambino un sistema nervoso ancora molto plastico entro certi limiti è suscettibile di un recupero funzionale. 
 
 
 
 
Sintomatologia 



 
 
sofferenza
 
occhio lacrimoso 
 
fotofobia a volte accompagnata da blefarospasmo come meccanismo di difesa a questo stimolo  
 
– frequenti ammiccamenti. 
 
Questo quadro rappresenta  una condizione molto grave che va affrontata facendo uno studio in narcosi dell’angolo camerulare, utilizzando particolari lenti che permettono l’esame dell’angolo, per poi effettuare l’intervento di goniotomia che consiste nel sezionare con una lama speciale  la membrana  embrionaria anormalmente persistente  che ostruisce l’angolo iridocorneale  e determina un aumento della pressione intraoculare.

 

 

 

Articoli correlati:

 

 

Glaucoma: provoca cecità?

 

Glaucoma ad angolo aperto

 

Glaucoma ad angolo chiuso

 

Terapia glaucoma

 

Cataratta: sintomi e complicanze

 

Cataratta congenita

 

 

 

5 pensieri riguardo “Glaucoma congenito

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