Vitamina A o retinolo
Table of Contents
Funzioni nell’organismo
La vitamina A fa parte delle vitamine liposolubili, quelle cioè che possono essere accumulate nel fegato e non è quindi necessario assumerle con regolarità, attraverso i cibi. Vengono conservate e rilasciate quando è necessario. La vitamina A si trova soprattutto in verdure a foglia verde (insieme a C e K), ma anche nel latte e nei derivati.
Interviene:
- Nei processi metabolici e integrità strutturale del neurone e processo della visione.
- Nel mantenimento dello stato trofico dei tessuti, regolazione crescita cellulare, funzione della retina, sintesi dei mucopolisaccaridi.
Carenza
La carenza può dipendere da malnutrizione; è però anche presente una carenza secondaria dovuta a malassorbimento lipidico, malattie epatiche, alcolismo. La carenza di vitamina A si manifesta con una serie di sintomi, i più seri dei quali riguardano:
- disfunzioni oculari
- depressione del sistema immunitario.
I bambini sono più suscettibili all’avitaminosi, in quanto non dispongono dei depositi di vitamina A, che gli adulti hanno invece potuto accumulare. Emeralopia, xeroftalmia, alterazione integrità strutturale neurone spinale e processo visione sono sintomi da carenza di vitamina A.
Eccesso
Il limite massimo tollerabile di assunzione della vitamina A è di 3 mg/die per adulto; 6 mg sono sufficiente ad indurre effetti tossici. La tossicità acuta può essere mortale, la tossicità cronica induce:
- alterazioni cutanee
- dell’apparato digerente
- neuromuscolare
- ipercalcemia
- riassorbimento osseo e inibizione della formazione di nuovo osso.
- l’ipervitaminosi ha anche anche un effetto teratogeno.
Alimenti che contengono vitamina A
- Olio di fegato di merluzzo
- Fegato di tacchino
- Fegato di vitello
- Fegato d’oca
- Carote
- Prezzemolo
- Burro
- Tuorlo d’uovo
- Pomodori maturi
- Pomodori pelati
- Zucca gialla
- Spinaci
- Caciotta
- Taleggio
- Tonno
- Mascarpone
- Provolone
- Pecorino
- Fontina
- Peperoni
- Parmigiano
- Formaggino
- Scamorza
- Caciocavallo
- Radicchio verde
- Basilico
- Rucola
- Anguilla
Articoli correlati:
- Vitamina B12: diagnosi, sintomi, terapia
- Vitamina D e sistema immunitario
- Vitamina A, eccezionale alleata per ringiovanire la pelle e curare l’acne
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