SALUTE

Prostatite

Table of Contents




Definizione

La prostatite è un’infezione acuta o cronica della prostata.

La prostata è una ghiandola che fa parte dell’apparato uro-genitale maschile. Si trova sottola vescica e circonda l’uretra. Per la forma e le dimensioni ricorda una castagna (pesa circa 20 g), con una lunghezza di 3 cm, una larghezza di 4, uno spessore di 25 mm. 



Eziologia

  • Infezioni batteriche:si diffondono nella prostata dall’uretere o dalla vescica; la via linfoematogena sembra meno frequente. Gli agenti patogeni sono quelli delle infezioni urinarie ( colibacillo e altri germi gram negativi, enterococchi). Le infezioni batteriche della prostata sono acute o croniche. Sono la causa principale di infezioni urinarie recidivanti nell’uomo.
  • Infezioni non batteriche:la causa rimane spesso sconosciuta. “Chlamydia trachomatis”alcune specie di microplasmi e” Ureaplasma”potrebbero avere un ruolo patogenico importante nella prostatite acuta e cronica non batterica; possibile trasmissione per contatti sessuali.

Prostatite granulomatosa

  • Forma tubercolare: secondaria a tubercolosi urogenitale; più raramente per via ematogena da una tubercolosi polmonare. I casi avanzati possono distruggere la prostata ed invadere le vescicole seminali.
  • Forme non tubercolari:presenza di granulomi a cellule giganti, ma senza casco né bacilli tubercolari. Si tratta di una reazione del tessuto prostatico ad un’infezione.



Sintomi

PROSTATITE ACUTA:

  • Quadro dicistiteacuta con febbre
  • Brividi
  • Disuria
  • Pollachiuria
  • Dolori rettali e perineali aggravati dalla defecazione
  • Ematuria macroscopica o microscopica frequente
  • Leucocituria elevata.

All’esplorazione rettale, la prostata è molto dolente, può essere diffusamente o irregolarmente ingrandita; la presenza di una zona fluttuante è segno di ascesso.  Leurinocolture, soprattutto dopo il massaggio prostatico, permettono spesso di individuare il germe responsabile. La prostatite acuta ha la tendenza a evolvere verso la cronicità.  Il patogeno responsabile di circa l’80% delle prostatiti è l’Escherichia coli.

PROSTATITE CRONICA

  • Anamnesi di infezioni urinarie ripetute
  • Dolori perineali
  • Disuria
  • Pollachiuria
  • A volte stato subfebbrile
  • Stato depressivo
  • Impotenza
  • Le urine presentano solo anomalie minori, rimangono spesso sterili.



Diagnosi

Accurata indagine anamnestica di uno studio batteriologico delle secrezioni genito-urinarie, di
un’ecografia prostatica transrettale e di un’esplorazione della prostata. La prostatite cronica richiede la diagnosi differenziale con l’adenoma e il carcinoma della prostata. Nella prostatite la prostata risulta ingrandita, dolente, soggetta alla fuoriuscita di liquido prostatico.

Terapia

Antibioticoterapia: la terapia antibiotica è la terapia di scelta per la prostatite  acuta. Gli antibiotici più usati nel trattamento della prostatite batterica sono i fluorochinolonici ed il cotrimossazolo per 3-4 settimane.

Nel caso diprostatite cronica battericasi procede con una terapia antibiotica di maggiore durata, minimo 6-8 settimane.

Misure generali: riposo in caso di prostatite acuta; analgesici, antinfiammatori, correzione della stipsi, evitare bevande etiliche e alimenti piccanti. Rapporti sessuali protetti.



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