Fluorouracile (citostatico)
Table of Contents
Il Fluorouracile è un antimetabolita del gruppo degli antipirimidinici, che entra in competizione con le basi piridimiche; è metabolizzato nei tessuti in flossuridina monofosfato che inibisce la timidilato sintetasi e la sinesi del DNA. Il Fluorouracile è impiegato nel trattamento dei tumori solidi, in particolare dell’apparato digerente.
Principio attivo: FLUOROURACILE.
Indicazioni:
Il Fluorouracile è utilizzato per il trattamento palliativo del tumore:
- del colon
- del retto
- della mammella
- dello stomaco
- del pancreas
- Impiegato a volte in applicazioni locali nelle cheratosi senili o solari, negli epiteliomi basocellulari superficiali o nella malattia di Bowen.
Il Fluorouracile è un farmaco da utilizzare unicamente nei centri specializzati.
Precauzioni
- Controllo ematologico ogni 2-3 giorni e sospensione del trattamento se il numero dei leucociti si riduce a meno di 3.500 per mm³ o se quello delle piastrine è inferiore a 100.000 per mm³.
- Riduzioni delle dosi in caso di insufficienza epatica o renale.
Controindicazioni
- Gravidanza
- Ipoplasia midollare (radioterapia o chemioterapia precedente).
- Pazienti anziani o defedati
Effetti secondari
- Intolleranza dell’apparato digerente
- Alopecia
- Dermatite.
- Ipoplasia midollare: leucopenia soprattutto dopo 3 settimane di trattamento, di solito reversibile nei 30 giorni che seguono.
- Stomatite
- Vomito incoercibile
- Diarrea grave
- Emorragia del tubo digerente: impongono la sospensione immediata del trattamento.
- Raramente atassia cerebellare
- Ischemia del miocardio
- Pneumopatia
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