Tachicardia sinusale
Table of Contents
Definizione
Per tachicardia si intende, in generale, un ritmo con una frequenza cardiaca superiore o uguale a 100 bpm. Latachicardia sinusaleè caratterizzata da una sequenza ritmica di battiti con frequenza ≥ 100/ min che partono, come di norma dal nodo del seno e danno luogo a una normale successione dell’onda di attivazione elettrica del cuore.
Eziologia
Latachicardia sinusale, in genere, rappresenta semplicemente una risposta normale a condizioni fisiologiche come:
- Sforzo fisico, emozione, digestione di pasti abbondanti.
- Farmaci: adrenalina e altri simpaticomimetici, atropina, nitriti e altri vasodilatatori, neurolettici, antidepressivi, ormoni tiroidei.
- Caffè e tè forte,tabacco, alcool.
- Disturbi cardiovascolari:insufficienza cardiaca, miocardite, stato di shock, astenia neurocircolatoria.
- Febbree malattie infettive.
- Ipotiroidismo,anemia, ipossia.
Sintomi
La tachicardia sinusale supera raramente 180 battiti al minuto. Mentre le tachicardie parossistiche non sinusali sono spesso di una regolarità assoluta, la tachicardia sinusale presenta piccole variazioni da un minuto all’altro. Essa è rallentata dalla posizione distesa, dalla manovra di Valsalva, dalla compressione del seno carotideo.
Diagnosi
All’ ECG C la tachicardia sinusale si presenta come una successione regolare di onde P di morfologia normale, seguita regolarmente dal QRS. La tachicardia sinusale insorge e termina di solito in modo graduale, senza quelle variazioni repentine della frequenza cardiaca che sono, viceversa tipiche delle tachicardie ectopiche. All’auscultazione il medico avverte toni frequenti, leggermente variabili con gli atti del respiro; spesso l’intensità dei toni è ridotta quando la tachicardia è secondaria ascompenso cardiaco. In questo caso sono in genere presenti anche altri segni di scompenso.
Terapia
Non è necessaria una terapia specifica, se non quella di individuare e curare eventuali patologie che ne sono causa. Le forme secondarie all’emotività o all’ipertiroidismo sono rallentate daibeta-bloccanti.
Ti potrebbero interessare:
- Bradicardia sinusale: cause, sintomi, terapia
- Ansia
- Anemia
- Ipotirodismo
- Scompenso cardiaco o insufficienza cardiaca
- Miocardite
- Beta-bloccanti
- L’ECCITAZIONE DEL CUORE… NON SOLO EMOZIONE
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